Grammar is called व्याकरण (pronounced as Vyakaran) in Hindi. List of topics within Hindi Grammar (Vyakaran)
Hindi vs English Grammar
If you speak English, then you would have been accustomed to the English format of subject-verb-object in grammar. But in Hindi grammar, the format that is followed is subject-object-verb which simply means that the verbs are commonly found at the end of the sentence instead of being placed before the object.
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Hindi also employs the method of split ergativity wherein the verbs coincide with the object in the sentence instead of having more connection with the subject.
The article ‘the’ is not utilized in Hindi’ instead the numeral one implies an indefinite singular article which does the job of ‘a/an’.
Postpositions exist in Hindi grammar but are usually placed after the nouns.
There are also notable differences on the use of different tenses, gender, and interrogatives. Conventional punctuation are utilized like question marks, commas, and exclamation points but a vertical line is used instead of periods to signify the end of a sentence.
Hindi Grammar Topics
- वर्ण / वर्णमाला (Varnamala): Swar (vowels) and Vyanjan (consonants) in Hindi Vyakaran
- मात्रा (Matras): Symbols used for Swar.
- Ki (कि) vs Kee (की): Understand the difference.
- संज्ञा (Sangya): This is the Noun in Hindi Vyakaran.
- सर्वनाम (Sarvnaam) : This is the Pronoun in Hindi Vyakaran.
- क्रिया (Kriya): This is the Verb in Hindi Vyakaran.
- विशेषण (Visheshan): This is the Adjective in Hindi Vyakaran.
- लिंग (Ling): This is the Gender in Hindi Vyakaran
- वचन (Vachan): This explains the concept of Singular/Plural.
- काल (Kaal): This is the Tense in Hindi Vyakaran.
- समानार्थ / पर्यायवाची शब्द (Samaan arth Shabd): This means Synonyms in Hindi Vyakaran.
- विपरीतार्थक शब्द (or विलोम शब्द) (Vilom Shabd): This means Antonyms in Hindi Vyakaran.
- हिंदी मुहावरे (Hindi Muhavare): Muhavare means “idioms”.
- हिंदी कहावतें (Hindi Kahawat): Kahawat means quotes/sayings”.
- अपठित गद्यांश (Apathit Gadyaansh): Understanding unseen passages.
भाषा के भेद
हम अपनी बात को बोलकर, लिखकर या संकेतों के द्वारा दुसरे के सामने प्रकट करते हैं। उसे भाषा कहते हैं।
भाषा के तीन भेद होते हैं |
- १) मौखिक भाषा
- २) लिखित भाषा
- ३) सांकेतिक भाषा
मौखिक भाषा – जब हम अपनी कथन को दूसरों के सामने बोलकर प्रकट करते हैं उसे मौखिक भाषा कहते हैं। जैसे टेलीविज़न, भाषण, वार्तालाप, नाटक, रेडिय।
लिखित भाषा – जब हम आपने विचारों को दूसरों के सामने लिखकर प्रकट करते हैं। उसे लिखित भाषा कहते हैं । जैसे पत्र लिखना, समाचार पत्र।
सांकेतिक भाषा – जब हम आपने विचारों को इशारे या संकेतों के माध्यम से दूसरों के सामने प्रकट करते हैं उसे सांकेतिक भाषा कहते हैं। उदहारण: जो बोलते नहीं हैं वह इस भाषा का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं।
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